Machine learning (ML) permits the evaluation of advanced and huge knowledge units and has the potential to enhance healthcare. The clinical microbiology laboratory, at the interface of clinical follow and diagnostics, is of particular curiosity for the growth of ML programs.This narrative overview goals to discover the present use of ML In clinical microbiology.References for…
Category: Cell Cell Junction Organization Pathway
The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor Solo decelerates collective cell migration by modulating the Rho-ROCK pathway and keratin networks.
Journal: Molecular biology of the cellFebruar/12/2020
Collective cell migration plays crucial roles in tissue remodeling, wound-healing, and cancer cell invasion. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Previously, we showed that the RhoA-targeting guanine nucleotide exchange factor Solo (ARHGEF40) is required for tensile force-induced RhoA activation and proper organization of keratin-8/keratin-18 (K8/K18) networks. Here, we demonstrate that Solo knockdown significantly increases the rate at which MDCK cells collectively migrate on collagen gels. However, it has no apparent effect on the migratory speed of solitary cultured cells. Therefore, Solo decelerates collective cell migration. Moreover, Solo localized to the anteroposterior regions of cell-cell contact sites in collectively migrating cells and was required for the local accumulation of K8/K18 filaments in the forward areas of the cells. Partial ROCK inhibition or K18 or plakoglobin knockdown also increased collective cell migration velocity. These results suggest that Solo acts as a brake for collective cell migration by generating pullback force at cell-cell contact sites via the RhoA-ROCK pathway. It may also promote the formation of desmosomal cell-cell junctions related to K8/K18 filaments and plakoglobin. (173 words) [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
Yusuke Isozaki; Kouki Sakai; Kenta Kohiro; Katsuhiko Kagoshima; Yuma Iwamura; Hironori Sato
HIV-1 proteins gp120 and tat induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral and genital mucosal epithelial cells.
Journal: PloS one
12/23/2019
The oral, cervical, and genital mucosa, covered by stratified squamous epithelia with polarized organization and strong tight and adherens junctions, play a critical role in preventing transmission of viral pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-1 interaction with mucosal epithelial cells may depolarize epithelia and disrupt their tight and adherens junctions; however, the molecular mechanism of HIV-induced epithelial disruption has not been completely understood. We showed that prolonged interaction of cell-free HIV-1 virions, and viral envelope and transactivator proteins gp120 and tat, respectively, with tonsil, cervical, and foreskin epithelial cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is an epigenetic process leading to the disruption of mucosal epithelia and allowing the paracellular spread of viral and other pathogens. Interaction of cell-free virions and gp120 and tat proteins with epithelial cells substantially reduced E-cadherin expression and activated vimentin and N-cadherin expression, which are well-known mesenchymal markers. HIV gp120- and tat-induced EMT was mediated by SMAD2 phosphorylation and activation of transcription factors Slug, Snail, Twist1 and ZEB1. Activation of TGF-β and MAPK signaling by gp120, tat, and cell-free HIV virions revealed the critical roles of these signaling pathways in EMT induction. gp120- and tat-induced EMT cells were highly migratory via collagen-coated membranes, which is one of the main features of mesenchymal cells. Inhibitors of TGF-β1 and MAPK signaling reduced HIV-induced EMT, suggesting that inactivation of these signaling pathways may restore the normal barrier function of mucosal epithelia.
Kathy Lien; Wasima Mayer; Rossana Herrera; Kristina Rosbe; Sharof Tugizov
Using Inquiry-Based Learning to Enhance Immunology Laboratory Skills.
A problem in educating immunology within the undergraduate laboratory is to embody the numerous diversified expertise that want to be utilized when performing an investigative examine of such a fancy space. It requires background information, information evaluation expertise, essential pondering, and design capacities to embody related controls and functions of specific methods to reply a…
Lessons learned implementing a complex and innovative patient safety learning laboratory project in a large academic medical center.
The goal of this paper is to share challenges, suggestions, and classes learned concerning the event and implementation of a Patient Safety Learning Laboratory (PSLL) project, an innovative and complex intervention comprised of a suite of Health Information Technology (HIT) instruments built-in with a newly applied Electronic Health Record (EHR) vendor system in the acute…